Islamic Art

What is Çini (Tilework)?

Goldframer

20 Apr 2024 — 2 min read

Ottoman handmade tiles with floral patterns.

Çini, also known as tilework, is a form of ceramic art that has been historically significant in various cultures around the world, including in Islamic architecture and art. The term "çini" is derived from the Persian word "چینی" (chini), meaning "Chinese," indicating the influence of Chinese ceramics on the development of tilework in the Islamic world. This influence is particularly evident in the Iznik tiles of the Ottoman Empire, which are renowned for their intricate designs, vibrant colors, and the use of a high-quality white paste.

Islamic tilework, including çini, is distinguished by its geometric, floral, and calligraphic designs. These designs reflect the Islamic aesthetic preference for aniconism and the emphasis on decorative arts as a means to create spiritual and contemplative spaces. Tilework has been used extensively in mosques, madrasas (educational institutions), palaces, and homes, serving both decorative and functional purposes. For example, tiles not only beautify a space but also help in temperature regulation within buildings.

The production of çini involves several steps, including the shaping and firing of the clay, the application of a white base glaze, and the painting of designs using colored glazes. After the design is applied, the tiles are fired again to fix the colors. The colors used in çini are typically vibrant and include cobalt blue, turquoise, green, red, and black, among others.

Historically, centers of tile production in the Islamic world have included cities such as Samarkand, Kashan, Istanbul, and Isfahan. Each of these cities developed its own distinctive styles and techniques, contributing to the rich diversity of Islamic ceramic art.

The beauty of Çini tiles is matched by their cultural and historical importance, which embody the artistic traditions of the Islamic world over centuries. They continue to be appreciated and used in contemporary architecture and design, maintaining their relevance and appeal through the ages.